New observations from the intestinal fauna of Kerodon rupestris (Wied, 1820) (Rodentia, Cavidae), Brazil: a checklist spanning 30, 000 years of parasitism / Novas observações da fauna intestinal de Kerodon rupestris (Wied, 1820) (Rodentia, Cavidae), Brasil: uma lista de verificação que abrange 30. 000 anos de parasitismo

Abstract This checklist of parasites of Kerodon rupestris, an endemic rodent from the Brazilian semiarid region, revealed records of 25 enteroparasite taxa comprising Cestoda (Anoplocephalidae), Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda (Ancylostomidae, Ascarididae, Heterakidae, Oxyuridae, Pharyngodonidae, Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Strongyloididae), and two taxa of coccidian. Paleoparasitological and parasitological studies published until 2019 were assessed in the present study and locality information, site of infection, sample dating, and host data were summarized from each reference. Analyses of recent feces and coprolites revealed the highest species richness in the Piauí State. The chronological data corroborated that Trichuris spp. and oxyurids are part of the parasitic fauna of K. rupestris. This represents the first checklist of intestinal parasites from K. rupestris.

Resumo Este levantamento de parasitos intestinais de Kerodon rupestris, um roedor endêmico da região semiárida brasileira, revelou registros de 25 táxons de enteroparasitos compreendendo Cestoda (Anoplocephalidae), Trematoda, Acanthocephala e Nematoda (Ancylostomidae, Ascarididae, Heterakidae, Oxyuridae, Pharyngodonidae, Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Strongyloididae), e dois táxons de coccídios. Os estudos paleoparasitológicos e parasitológicos publicados até 2019 foram avaliados no presente trabalho e as informações de localização, local da infecção, datação da amostra e dados do hospedeiro, foram resumidas a partir de cada referência. Análises de fezes recentes e coprólitos revelaram a maior riqueza de espécies no estado do Piauí. Os dados cronológicos corroboram que Trichuris spp. e oxiurídeos fazem parte da fauna parasitária de K. rupestris. Essa é a primeira lista de verificação de parasitos intestinais de K. rupestris.

New observations from the intestinal fauna of Kerodon rupestris (Wied, 1820) (Rodentia, Cavidae), Brazil: a checklist spanning 30,000 years of parasitism.

This checklist of parasites of Kerodon rupestris, an endemic rodent from the Brazilian semiarid region, revealed records of 25 enteroparasite taxa comprising Cestoda (Anoplocephalidae), Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda (Ancylostomidae, Ascarididae, Heterakidae, Oxyuridae, Pharyngodonidae, Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Strongyloididae), and two taxa of coccidian. Paleoparasitological and parasitological studies published until 2019 were assessed in the present study and locality information, site of infection, sample dating, and host data were summarized from each reference. Analyses of recent feces and coprolites revealed the highest species richness in the Piauí State. The chronological data corroborated that Trichuris spp. and oxyurids are part of the parasitic fauna of K. rupestris. This represents the first checklist of intestinal parasites from K. rupestris.

New observations from the intestinal fauna of Kerodon rupestris (Wied, 1820) (Rodentia, Cavidae), Brazil: a checklist spanning 30,000 years of parasitism

Abstract This checklist of parasites of Kerodon rupestris, an endemic rodent from the Brazilian semiarid region, revealed records of 25 enteroparasite taxa comprising Cestoda (Anoplocephalidae), Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda (Ancylostomidae, Ascarididae, Heterakidae, Oxyuridae, Pharyngodonidae, Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Strongyloididae), and two taxa of coccidian. Paleoparasitological and parasitological studies published until 2019 were assessed in the present study and locality information, site of infection, sample dating, and host data were summarized from each reference. Analyses of recent feces and coprolites revealed the highest species richness in the Piauí State. The chronological data corroborated that Trichuris spp. and oxyurids are part of the parasitic fauna of K. rupestris. This represents the first checklist of intestinal parasites from K. rupestris.

Resumo Este levantamento de parasitos intestinais de Kerodon rupestris, um roedor endêmico da região semiárida brasileira, revelou registros de 25 táxons de enteroparasitos compreendendo Cestoda (Anoplocephalidae), Trematoda, Acanthocephala e Nematoda (Ancylostomidae, Ascarididae, Heterakidae, Oxyuridae, Pharyngodonidae, Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Strongyloididae), e dois táxons de coccídios. Os estudos paleoparasitológicos e parasitológicos publicados até 2019 foram avaliados no presente trabalho e as informações de localização, local da infecção, datação da amostra e dados do hospedeiro, foram resumidas a partir de cada referência. Análises de fezes recentes e coprólitos revelaram a maior riqueza de espécies no estado do Piauí. Os dados cronológicos corroboram que Trichuris spp. e oxiurídeos fazem parte da fauna parasitária de K. rupestris. Essa é a primeira lista de verificação de parasitos intestinais de K. rupestris.

First record of the anisakid nematode Anisakis nascettii in the Gervais' beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus from Brazil.

Anisakid nematodes are parasites with an indirect life cycle, involving many hosts, including cetaceans that act as definitive hosts. Identification at species level is crucial for a better understanding of the epidemiology and ecology of these parasites, but an accurate diagnosis based only on morphology is difficult. In Brazil, genetic characterization of anisakids is still rare, with Anisakis typica and A. physeteris being the only two species identified by genetic markers until now. The definitive hosts of A. nascettii are Mesoplodon grayi, M. bowdoini, M. layardii and M. mirus. Geographical locations of A. nascettii include the coasts of New Zealand, South Africa and Europe. In this study, a nematode was collected from a Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus, stranded in Ceará State, north-east Brazil. Genetic analysis based on 18S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and mtDNA cox2 gene revealed 100% identity with Anisakis sp. U94365, 99% with Anisakis sp. (MP-2005 EU718477 A. nascettii) and 99% with A. nascettii DQ116431, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and cox2 sequences using both neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood methods provided strong support for a clade with only A. nascettii specimens. This study demonstrated for the first time the identification of A. nascettii in the Brazilian Atlantic Coast, revealing a wider geographical distribution of this parasite worldwide and extending the range of its definitive hosts to a new Mesoplodon species, M. europaeus, the Gervais' beaked whale.

The Synthesium Brachycladiidae Odhner, 1905 (Digenea) association with hosts based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes.

Synthesium pontoporiae, exclusive parasite of the endangered dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is endemic and restricted to the South Atlantic and belongs to the Brachycladiidae family Odhner, 1905. The study of this family has been limited by the difficulty of accessing the parasites from their marine mammal hosts and as a consequence there is a paucity of genetic information available. Herein we present a genetic analysis using 18S rDNA sequences of S. pontoporiae and S. tursionis and the ND3 mtDNA sequence of S. pontoporiae. The genetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences of brachycladiids and acanthocolpids determined two major clusters associated with their definitive hosts, marine mammals and fishes, respectively. Considering the tree topology of brachycladiids ND3 mtDNA gene, two clusters were defined, one with the Synthesium species. This work contributes with fundamental genetic information on S. pontoporiae, and suggests a Brachycladiidae genetic evolution related to their hosts.

Laxity and rupture of the patellar tendon in systemic lupus erythematosus. Association with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism who developed laxity and elongation of the patellar tendon, followed by its rupture one year later. Hydroxyapatite and urate crystals were identified from the chalky material surrounding the patellar tendon observed at surgery. These findings suggest that tendon laxity and elongation could possibly be detected before its rupture and that secondary hyperparathyroidism could be considered as another causative factor of tendon damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.